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(Left) Identifying the precise origin of accuracy deficits induced by the <t>attentional</t> blink. T2 identification accuracies at different inter-target ( T1–T2 ) lags, in a conventional attentional blink task. x-axis: inter-target lag in milliseconds; y-axis: T2 identification accuracy (%). Red horizontal line: asymptotic T2 identification accuracy for long inter-target lags; red vertical arrows: accuracy deficit with T2 identification for short inter-target lags (attentional blink). (Right, top) The identification deficit could reflect impaired detection of T2’s presence which, in turn, could arise either from a detection sensitivity deficit (upper row) or a detection bias (criterion) deficit (lower row). Gray and white Gaussians: decision variable distributions corresponding to signal (target present) and noise (target absent), respectively. Black vertical line: criterion for deciding between target present and absent. (Right, bottom) The identification deficit could also reflect impaired discrimination of T2’s features (e.g. orientation), which, again, could arise either from a discrimination sensitivity deficit (upper row) or a discrimination bias (criterion) deficit (lower row). Purple and orange Gaussians: decision variable distributions corresponding to a counterclockwise (CW) and clockwise (CCW) gratings, respectively. Black vertical line: criterion for deciding between target features (clockwise and counterclockwise orientation). Brain schematics (rightmost column ): Distinct neural markers of each subcomponent – detection (top) or discrimination (bottom) -- of attentional blink deficits.

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1) Product Images from "Distinct neural bases of subcomponents of the attentional blink"

Article Title: Distinct neural bases of subcomponents of the attentional blink

Journal: eLife

doi: 10.7554/eLife.97098

(Left) Identifying the precise origin of accuracy deficits induced by the attentional blink. T2 identification accuracies at different inter-target ( T1–T2 ) lags, in a conventional attentional blink task. x-axis: inter-target lag in milliseconds; y-axis: T2 identification accuracy (%). Red horizontal line: asymptotic T2 identification accuracy for long inter-target lags; red vertical arrows: accuracy deficit with T2 identification for short inter-target lags (attentional blink). (Right, top) The identification deficit could reflect impaired detection of T2’s presence which, in turn, could arise either from a detection sensitivity deficit (upper row) or a detection bias (criterion) deficit (lower row). Gray and white Gaussians: decision variable distributions corresponding to signal (target present) and noise (target absent), respectively. Black vertical line: criterion for deciding between target present and absent. (Right, bottom) The identification deficit could also reflect impaired discrimination of T2’s features (e.g. orientation), which, again, could arise either from a discrimination sensitivity deficit (upper row) or a discrimination bias (criterion) deficit (lower row). Purple and orange Gaussians: decision variable distributions corresponding to a counterclockwise (CW) and clockwise (CCW) gratings, respectively. Black vertical line: criterion for deciding between target features (clockwise and counterclockwise orientation). Brain schematics (rightmost column ): Distinct neural markers of each subcomponent – detection (top) or discrimination (bottom) -- of attentional blink deficits.

Figure Legend Snippet: (Left) Identifying the precise origin of accuracy deficits induced by the attentional blink. T2 identification accuracies at different inter-target ( T1–T2 ) lags, in a conventional attentional blink task. x-axis: inter-target lag in milliseconds; y-axis: T2 identification accuracy (%). Red horizontal line: asymptotic T2 identification accuracy for long inter-target lags; red vertical arrows: accuracy deficit with T2 identification for short inter-target lags (attentional blink). (Right, top) The identification deficit could reflect impaired detection of T2’s presence which, in turn, could arise either from a detection sensitivity deficit (upper row) or a detection bias (criterion) deficit (lower row). Gray and white Gaussians: decision variable distributions corresponding to signal (target present) and noise (target absent), respectively. Black vertical line: criterion for deciding between target present and absent. (Right, bottom) The identification deficit could also reflect impaired discrimination of T2’s features (e.g. orientation), which, again, could arise either from a discrimination sensitivity deficit (upper row) or a discrimination bias (criterion) deficit (lower row). Purple and orange Gaussians: decision variable distributions corresponding to a counterclockwise (CW) and clockwise (CCW) gratings, respectively. Black vertical line: criterion for deciding between target features (clockwise and counterclockwise orientation). Brain schematics (rightmost column ): Distinct neural markers of each subcomponent – detection (top) or discrimination (bottom) -- of attentional blink deficits.

Techniques Used:

( A ) Schematic of the attentional blink task. Stimuli were presented in a rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) paradigm at a 10 Hz rate (70ms onset, 30ms offset). Following fixation, plaid gratings appeared for a variable interval (200–1200ms, geometrically distributed), followed by the first target ( T1 ): a low spatial frequency grating (100ms). After this, a series of plaid gratings appeared for variable intervals (100, 300, 500, 700, and 900ms; geometric distribution) followed by the appearance of the second target ( T2 ): a high spatial frequency grating (100ms). Following T2, plaid gratings were presented for a fixed interval (600ms). Finally, in the response epoch, participants reported T1’s orientation as being closer to the cardinal or diagonal axes (two-alternative), and then reported T2’s orientation as being clockwise or counterclockwise of vertical, or absent (three-alternative). All plaids were encircled by a circular placeholder. The fixation dot and the placeholder were present on the screen throughout the trial. ( B ) Psychometric function of accuracy (% correct) for T2 detection with increasing inter-target ( T1–T2 ) lags, for trials in which T1 was reported correctly (n=24 participants). Filled circles and solid lines: average accuracy for high contrast T2 gratings; open circles and dashed lines: average accuracy for low contrast T2 gratings. Error bars: s.e.m. Asterisks: significance levels for comparing accuracies between short (100 and 300ms) and long (700 and 900ms) lag trials; Statistical method: Wilcoxon signed-rank test; solid and dashed brackets: comparisons for high and low contrast gratings respectively. *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001 and n.s.: not significant. ( C ) Same as in panel B, but showing the psychometric function of accuracy for T2 discrimination with increasing inter-target ( T1–T2 ) lags (n=24). Other conventions are the same as in panel B, except that markers and lines are depicted in orange color. ( D ) Stimulus-response contingency table for the 3-alternative T2 decision. Rows represent the three possible T2 stimulus events: clockwise orientation (CW, orange), counterclockwise orientation (CCW, purple) or absent (none, gray). Columns represent three possible choices: clockwise (CW), counterclockwise (CCW) or absent (none). The table depicts the nine stimulus-response contingencies: two each of hit rates (H), misidentification rates (MI), miss rates (M), false alarm rates (FA) – one for each orientation (CW/CCW) – and one correct rejection rate (CR). ( E ) Same as in panel B, but showing psychometric function of average hit rates. ( F ) Same as in panel B, but showing psychometric function of average misidentification rates. ( G ) Same as in panel B, but showing psychometric function of average miss rates. ( E–G ) Other conventions are the same as in panel B except that markers and lines are denoted in black color. ( H ) Same as in panel B, but showing psychometric function correct rejection (filled circles) and false alarm (open circles) rates on T2 absent trials .

Figure Legend Snippet: ( A ) Schematic of the attentional blink task. Stimuli were presented in a rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) paradigm at a 10 Hz rate (70ms onset, 30ms offset). Following fixation, plaid gratings appeared for a variable interval (200–1200ms, geometrically distributed), followed by the first target ( T1 ): a low spatial frequency grating (100ms). After this, a series of plaid gratings appeared for variable intervals (100, 300, 500, 700, and 900ms; geometric distribution) followed by the appearance of the second target ( T2 ): a high spatial frequency grating (100ms). Following T2, plaid gratings were presented for a fixed interval (600ms). Finally, in the response epoch, participants reported T1’s orientation as being closer to the cardinal or diagonal axes (two-alternative), and then reported T2’s orientation as being clockwise or counterclockwise of vertical, or absent (three-alternative). All plaids were encircled by a circular placeholder. The fixation dot and the placeholder were present on the screen throughout the trial. ( B ) Psychometric function of accuracy (% correct) for T2 detection with increasing inter-target ( T1–T2 ) lags, for trials in which T1 was reported correctly (n=24 participants). Filled circles and solid lines: average accuracy for high contrast T2 gratings; open circles and dashed lines: average accuracy for low contrast T2 gratings. Error bars: s.e.m. Asterisks: significance levels for comparing accuracies between short (100 and 300ms) and long (700 and 900ms) lag trials; Statistical method: Wilcoxon signed-rank test; solid and dashed brackets: comparisons for high and low contrast gratings respectively. *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001 and n.s.: not significant. ( C ) Same as in panel B, but showing the psychometric function of accuracy for T2 discrimination with increasing inter-target ( T1–T2 ) lags (n=24). Other conventions are the same as in panel B, except that markers and lines are depicted in orange color. ( D ) Stimulus-response contingency table for the 3-alternative T2 decision. Rows represent the three possible T2 stimulus events: clockwise orientation (CW, orange), counterclockwise orientation (CCW, purple) or absent (none, gray). Columns represent three possible choices: clockwise (CW), counterclockwise (CCW) or absent (none). The table depicts the nine stimulus-response contingencies: two each of hit rates (H), misidentification rates (MI), miss rates (M), false alarm rates (FA) – one for each orientation (CW/CCW) – and one correct rejection rate (CR). ( E ) Same as in panel B, but showing psychometric function of average hit rates. ( F ) Same as in panel B, but showing psychometric function of average misidentification rates. ( G ) Same as in panel B, but showing psychometric function of average miss rates. ( E–G ) Other conventions are the same as in panel B except that markers and lines are denoted in black color. ( H ) Same as in panel B, but showing psychometric function correct rejection (filled circles) and false alarm (open circles) rates on T2 absent trials .

Techniques Used:

The attentional blink selectively impairs a specific component of attention – perceptual sensitivity ( d’ ) – and produces both detection (top, left) and discrimination (top, right) deficits. Detection d’ deficits – deficits with distinguishing the presence versus absence of the second target ( T2 ) – are correlated with reduced amplitudes of N2p and P3 ERPs (gray shading, left top). They are also accompanied by a representational collapse along the detection dimension (gray shading, left bottom). By contrast, discrimination d’ deficits – deficits with discriminating T2’s orientation – is evidenced by reduced left fronto-parietal beta coherence (red shading, left top) and a representational collapse along the discrimination dimension (red shading, left bottom).

Figure Legend Snippet: The attentional blink selectively impairs a specific component of attention – perceptual sensitivity ( d’ ) – and produces both detection (top, left) and discrimination (top, right) deficits. Detection d’ deficits – deficits with distinguishing the presence versus absence of the second target ( T2 ) – are correlated with reduced amplitudes of N2p and P3 ERPs (gray shading, left top). They are also accompanied by a representational collapse along the detection dimension (gray shading, left bottom). By contrast, discrimination d’ deficits – deficits with discriminating T2’s orientation – is evidenced by reduced left fronto-parietal beta coherence (red shading, left top) and a representational collapse along the discrimination dimension (red shading, left bottom).

Techniques Used:

Image Search Results

Journal: eLife

Article Title: Distinct neural bases of subcomponents of the attentional blink

doi: 10.7554/eLife.97098

Figure Lengend Snippet: (Left) Identifying the precise origin of accuracy deficits induced by the attentional blink. T2 identification accuracies at different inter-target ( T1–T2 ) lags, in a conventional attentional blink task. x-axis: inter-target lag in milliseconds; y-axis: T2 identification accuracy (%). Red horizontal line: asymptotic T2 identification accuracy for long inter-target lags; red vertical arrows: accuracy deficit with T2 identification for short inter-target lags (attentional blink). (Right, top) The identification deficit could reflect impaired detection of T2’s presence which, in turn, could arise either from a detection sensitivity deficit (upper row) or a detection bias (criterion) deficit (lower row). Gray and white Gaussians: decision variable distributions corresponding to signal (target present) and noise (target absent), respectively. Black vertical line: criterion for deciding between target present and absent. (Right, bottom) The identification deficit could also reflect impaired discrimination of T2’s features (e.g. orientation), which, again, could arise either from a discrimination sensitivity deficit (upper row) or a discrimination bias (criterion) deficit (lower row). Purple and orange Gaussians: decision variable distributions corresponding to a counterclockwise (CW) and clockwise (CCW) gratings, respectively. Black vertical line: criterion for deciding between target features (clockwise and counterclockwise orientation). Brain schematics (rightmost column ): Distinct neural markers of each subcomponent – detection (top) or discrimination (bottom) -- of attentional blink deficits.

Article Snippet: Significance testing for the attentional blink effect on sensitivity (d’) and criterion (c) parameters was performed with a two-way ANOVA test ( anovan function in Matlab).

Techniques:

Journal: eLife

Article Title: Distinct neural bases of subcomponents of the attentional blink

doi: 10.7554/eLife.97098

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A ) Schematic of the attentional blink task. Stimuli were presented in a rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) paradigm at a 10 Hz rate (70ms onset, 30ms offset). Following fixation, plaid gratings appeared for a variable interval (200–1200ms, geometrically distributed), followed by the first target ( T1 ): a low spatial frequency grating (100ms). After this, a series of plaid gratings appeared for variable intervals (100, 300, 500, 700, and 900ms; geometric distribution) followed by the appearance of the second target ( T2 ): a high spatial frequency grating (100ms). Following T2, plaid gratings were presented for a fixed interval (600ms). Finally, in the response epoch, participants reported T1’s orientation as being closer to the cardinal or diagonal axes (two-alternative), and then reported T2’s orientation as being clockwise or counterclockwise of vertical, or absent (three-alternative). All plaids were encircled by a circular placeholder. The fixation dot and the placeholder were present on the screen throughout the trial. ( B ) Psychometric function of accuracy (% correct) for T2 detection with increasing inter-target ( T1–T2 ) lags, for trials in which T1 was reported correctly (n=24 participants). Filled circles and solid lines: average accuracy for high contrast T2 gratings; open circles and dashed lines: average accuracy for low contrast T2 gratings. Error bars: s.e.m. Asterisks: significance levels for comparing accuracies between short (100 and 300ms) and long (700 and 900ms) lag trials; Statistical method: Wilcoxon signed-rank test; solid and dashed brackets: comparisons for high and low contrast gratings respectively. *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001 and n.s.: not significant. ( C ) Same as in panel B, but showing the psychometric function of accuracy for T2 discrimination with increasing inter-target ( T1–T2 ) lags (n=24). Other conventions are the same as in panel B, except that markers and lines are depicted in orange color. ( D ) Stimulus-response contingency table for the 3-alternative T2 decision. Rows represent the three possible T2 stimulus events: clockwise orientation (CW, orange), counterclockwise orientation (CCW, purple) or absent (none, gray). Columns represent three possible choices: clockwise (CW), counterclockwise (CCW) or absent (none). The table depicts the nine stimulus-response contingencies: two each of hit rates (H), misidentification rates (MI), miss rates (M), false alarm rates (FA) – one for each orientation (CW/CCW) – and one correct rejection rate (CR). ( E ) Same as in panel B, but showing psychometric function of average hit rates. ( F ) Same as in panel B, but showing psychometric function of average misidentification rates. ( G ) Same as in panel B, but showing psychometric function of average miss rates. ( E–G ) Other conventions are the same as in panel B except that markers and lines are denoted in black color. ( H ) Same as in panel B, but showing psychometric function correct rejection (filled circles) and false alarm (open circles) rates on T2 absent trials .

Article Snippet: Significance testing for the attentional blink effect on sensitivity (d’) and criterion (c) parameters was performed with a two-way ANOVA test ( anovan function in Matlab).

Techniques:

Journal: eLife

Article Title: Distinct neural bases of subcomponents of the attentional blink

doi: 10.7554/eLife.97098

Figure Lengend Snippet: The attentional blink selectively impairs a specific component of attention – perceptual sensitivity ( d’ ) – and produces both detection (top, left) and discrimination (top, right) deficits. Detection d’ deficits – deficits with distinguishing the presence versus absence of the second target ( T2 ) – are correlated with reduced amplitudes of N2p and P3 ERPs (gray shading, left top). They are also accompanied by a representational collapse along the detection dimension (gray shading, left bottom). By contrast, discrimination d’ deficits – deficits with discriminating T2’s orientation – is evidenced by reduced left fronto-parietal beta coherence (red shading, left top) and a representational collapse along the discrimination dimension (red shading, left bottom).

Article Snippet: Significance testing for the attentional blink effect on sensitivity (d’) and criterion (c) parameters was performed with a two-way ANOVA test ( anovan function in Matlab).

Techniques:

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